Gene |
Designation |
Mode of Inheritance |
|
DYT-1 (TOR1A) |
Early Onset Primary Dystonia |
Autosomal Dominant |
Early-onset, Starts in a limb in most cases, and spreads to other body parts |
|
DYT-2 |
Autosomal Recessive Primary |
Autosomal Recessive |
Early-onset, generalised or segmental primary torsion dystonia |
|
DYT-3 |
X-Linked Dyst-Parkinsonism: "Lubag" |
X-Linked |
Segmental or generalised dystonia with concurrent or subsequent parkinsonism in about 50% of cases |
|
DYT-4 |
"Non-DYT1" Primary |
Autosomal Dominant |
|
DYT-5 (GCH1) |
Dopa Responsive Dystonia; Segawa Syndrome |
Autosomal Dominant |
Dystonia with concurrent or subsequent parkinsonism, diurnal worsening of symptoms, dramatic response to levodopa |
|
DYT-6 |
Adolescent Onset Primary; Mixed Type |
Autosomal Dominant |
Adolescent onset, mostly segmental, rarely generalizes |
|
DYT-7 |
Adult Onset Focal Primary |
Autosomal Dominant |
Adult onset of focal dystonia (cervical dystonia, writers cramp, dysphonia, or blepharospasm |
|
DYT-8 (PNKD) |
Paroxysmal Nonkinesogenic Dyskinesia |
Autosomal Dominant |
Attacks of dystonia precipitated by stress, fatigue, alcohol, and chocolate |
|
DYT-9 (CSE) |
Paroxysmal Choreoathetosis with Spasticity |
Autosomal Dominant |
Attacks of dystonia, episodic ataxia, and parasthesias, double vision, precipitated by exercise, stress, and chocolate; spastic paraplegia between attacks |
|
DYT-10 |
Paroxysmal Kinesogenic Dyskinesias |
Autosomal Dominant |
Attacks of dystonia brought on by sudden movements |
|
DYT-11 |
Myoclonus Dystonia |
Autosomal Dominant |
Rapid, jerk like movements, response to alcohol combined with variable degrees of dystonia |
|
DYT-12 |
Rapid Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism |
Autosomal Dominant |
Acute or subacute onset of dystonia in combination with parkinsonism |
|
DYT-13 |
Early and Late Onset Focal or Onset in Cranial-Cervical |
Autosomal Dominant |
Focal or segmental dystonia, segmental region in upper limbs; mild course |
|
